Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Mieloma Múltiplo/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Vacina de mRNA-1273 contra 2019-nCoV , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Linfócitos B/virologia , Vacina BNT162 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/virologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Citocinas/sangue , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidade , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/virologia , Resultado do Tratamento , VacinaçãoRESUMO
Mass cytometry (CyTOF) represents one of the most powerful tools in immune phenotyping, allowing high throughput quantification of over 40 parameters at single-cell resolution. However, wide deployment of CyTOF-based immune phenotyping studies are limited by complex experimental workflows and the need for specialized CyTOF equipment and technical expertise. Furthermore, differences in cell isolation and enrichment protocols, antibody reagent preparation, sample staining, and data acquisition protocols can all introduce technical variation that can confound integrative analyses of large data-sets of samples processed across multiple labs. Here, we present a streamlined whole blood CyTOF workflow which addresses many of these sources of experimental variation and facilitates wider adoption of CyTOF immune monitoring across sites with limited technical expertise or sample-processing resources or equipment. Our workflow utilizes commercially available reagents including the Fluidigm MaxPar Direct Immune Profiling Assay (MDIPA), a dry tube 30-marker immunophenotyping panel, and SmartTube Proteomic Stabilizer, which allows for simple and reliable fixation and cryopreservation of whole blood samples. We validate a workflow that allows for streamlined staining of whole blood samples with minimal processing requirements or expertise at the site of sample collection, followed by shipment to a central CyTOF core facility for batched downstream processing and data acquisition. We apply this workflow to characterize 184 whole blood samples collected longitudinally from a cohort of 72 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, highlighting dynamic disease-associated changes in circulating immune cell frequency and phenotype.